Katholiko Monastery: History, Location, Hiking and Transportation
Katholiko Monastery is nestled amidst the dramatic cliffs of Akrotiri and western Crete. It is a sacred site steeped in centuries of ascetic tradition and legendary tales. This ancient monastery is known as one of the oldest and most significant monastic complexes on Crete, attracting visitors worldwide who embark on a scenic journey to explore its storied past. The monastery’s intriguing history dates back to the 11th century when the caves of the rugged Arkoudovounia region served as the solitary refuge for Saint John the Hermit, an ascetic who sought spiritual enlightenment in the area’s isolation. Following the saint’s death, the caves were transformed into a temple and monastery, eventually developing into a bustling religious centre attracting Orthodox pilgrims and monks.
The current Katholiko Monastery structure manifests an impressive architectural form, from its mediaeval frescoes to the iconic bridge spanning the gorge, constructed in the 17th century under the supervision of Jeremiah Tzagarolo. Today, this abandoned cliffside monastery allows modern travellers to step back through the centuries. The journey itself has become an integral part of the experience, starting with the approximately 30-minute drive from Chania through the mountainous landscapes of western Crete. The last stretch requires a moderate 2-mile hike through Avlaki Gorge, ascending stone steps carved into the clifftops. Along the way, hikers enjoy stunning vistas of the rugged gorges leading to the sea. Upon arriving at Katholiko’s entrance, visitors are greeted by a profound serenity amplified by the monastery’s tranquil hillside setting. Wandering through the ancient stone buildings and caverns, one can vividly imagine the monks and hermits praying and meditating within these walls centuries ago. Visitors marvel at the perfectly intact mediaeval frescoes adorning the walls, bearing testament to the monastery’s rich artistic heritage.
The archaic olive oil press and ancient storage cellars reveal the self-sufficient lifestyle the monks who once resided here sustained. Beyond the monastery’s structures, the cliffs and caverns of Avlaki Gorge showcase the raw, natural beauty that first drew ascetic hermits to this dramatic landscape. Lookouts from the monastery offer breathtaking panoramas of the sea-carved gorges terminating in hidden coves along the coastline. The hike can be extended another 1.5 miles to reach the fjord of Katholiko Bay, where legends say a pirate ship was turned to stone. While the Katholiko Monastery remains uninhabited today, its powerful legacy continues to imbue the site with an aura of spirituality. Visiting this well-preserved relic provides a window into centuries of Orthodox monastic tradition practised within the sublime natural canvas of western Crete’s cliffs and gorges. Having a rental car is highly recommended for easily accessing this hidden gem along Crete’s rugged western coast. Crete’s mountainous terrain and winding coastal roads make an SUV the ideal rental car for confidently navigating to Katholiko while taking in the gorgeous scenery. Reputable companies like Crete Car Rental offer vehicles well-suited for the journey, ranging from compact SUVs like the Peugeot 2008 to more rugged options like the Jeep Renegade. Selecting the right rental car allows one to comfortably embark on the scenic drive and hike to discover the cliffside monastery’s rich history and breathtaking natural surroundings.
What is the history of Katholiko Monastery?
The Katholiko Monastery, also known as the Monastery of Saint John the Hermit, Moni Katholiko or simply Katholiko, is steeped in a rich and intriguing history. It is located in the mountainous area of Arkoudovounia, near the northern shores of Cape Akrotiri or Meleha and is nestled inside the gorge of Avlaki, a short distance from the sea. The monastery was founded at the cave site where Saint John the Hermit, also known as Saint John the Stranger, passed away in the 11th century. Following his death, the wider area of Arkoudovounia, known for its inaccessibility, became one of Crete’s most significant ascetic centres. The cave was transformed into a temple and the surrounding cavities, initially a refuge for hermits, later saw the construction of monk cells. In the 17th century, under the supervision of Jeremiah Tzagarolo and with architectural drawings from the works of Sebastiano Serlio, extensive construction of buildings took place in front of the cave. This development gave the monastic complex its current impressive form, complete with ruined cells of the hermits, a bell tower and a striking bridge that crosses the gorge’s river. This bridge creates a large square that connects the two sides of the gorge and at the foot of the bridge, there are large vaulted storage spaces. A two-storey building and several vaulted rooms were constructed on both sides to accommodate pilgrims.
The cult of Agios Ioannis or Saint John, spread so widely in the broader area of Chania that, according to the census of 1637, the income from the pilgrims was one of the largest. However, when Crete’s shores became a pirates’ target, fear prevailed and the monastery was deserted. The monks were forced to move to a more secluded place and thus retired to the Gouverneto Monastery. According to local legend, a large rock shaped like a ship is at the gorge’s exit to the sea. This rock is said to be a pirate ship that was turned to stone after the curses of the abbot of Katholiko. This tale adds a layer of mystique to the already fascinating history of the Katholiko Monastery.
Who lived in Katholiko Monastery?
The Katholiko Monastery was once the dwelling place of Saint John the Hermit, also known as Xenos. Saint John was an ascetic, a person who practised asceticism – a lifestyle characterised by abstinence from various worldly pleasures, often with the aim of pursuing spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world for their practices or continue to be part of their society but typically adopt a frugal lifestyle, characterised by the renunciation of material possessions and physical pleasures and time spent fasting while concentrating on the practice of religion or reflection upon spiritual matters. Saint John the Hermit chose the remote and inaccessible area of Arkoudovounia, where the Katholiko Monastery is located, for his ascetic life. He lived in the cave that later became the site of the monastery. His life was one of solitude, prayer and contemplation, in keeping with the principles of asceticism. After his death in the 11th century, the cave where he lived was transformed into a temple and the surrounding cavities, initially a refuge for hermits, later saw the construction of monk cells. His life and death significantly impacted the area, turning it into one of Crete’s most important ascetic centres. His influence was so profound that the Orthodox Church formally declared him a Saint in 1632, leading to a tremendous growth of monasticism in the region. The story of Saint John the Hermit serves as a testament to the power of asceticism and the profound impact that such a life can have, not just on the individual but also on the surrounding community and its spiritual practices.
What is Asceticism?
Asceticism is a lifestyle characterised by abstinence from various worldly pleasures, often with the aim of pursuing spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world for meditation and reflection, renouncing possessions and physical pleasures and self-denial. Various religious groups and individuals throughout history have practised asceticism. In Christianity, asceticism developed as some adherents imitated the rugged lifestyle of John the Baptist and the apostles who gave up their livelihoods to follow Jesus. Later Christian ascetics known as Desert Fathers retreated to remote locations in the deserts of Egypt, Syria and elsewhere to seek spiritual enlightenment unhindered by earthly distractions. They lived simple lives with minimal food, possessions or comforts. Similar forms of asceticism can be seen in other religions. In Hinduism, sadhus and yogis may renounce material attachments and undergo intense physical disciplines to pursue moksha or spiritual liberation. Buddhist monks and nuns take vows of poverty and celibacy, living austere lives focused on meditation and studying scriptures. The core principle behind asceticism across faiths is that one can focus on inner life and spiritual progress by detaching from physical pleasures and comforts.
Is Katholiko Monastery still inhabited?
No, the Katholiko Monastery is no longer inhabited. This historic monastery, once a bustling centre of ascetic life, now stands as an abandoned monument to its past. The monastery was deserted in the 16th century when the shores of Crete became a target for pirates. The monks, fearing for their safety, were forced to leave the monastery and seek refuge in a more secluded location. They moved to the Gouverneto Monastery, which is located further inland and offers a safer environment. Today, the Katholiko Monastery is a site of historical and architectural interest. Visitors can explore the ruins of the monk cells, the bell tower and the impressive bridge that crosses the gorge’s river. The cave where Saint John the Hermit lived and died is also a significant attraction. Despite its abandonment, the monastery continues to be a place of spiritual significance and a testament to the ascetic life led by Saint John the Hermit.
Where is Katholiko Monastery located?
The Katholiko Monastery, considered the oldest monastery on Crete, is located 20 km (12.4 miles) from the city of Chania. The exact coordinates of the monastery are 35°35’24″N and 24°8’46″E. It is in a remote and serene location, surrounded by the rugged beauty of Crete’s landscape. It can be accessed through a trail that starts from the Gouverneto Monastery, which is about a 20-30 minute walk.
Find below a map of Katholiko Monastery.
What to know before going to Katholiko Monastery?
Before embarking on a journey to the Katholiko Monastery, several key factors must be considered to ensure a smooth and enjoyable visit. Firstly, it’s important to note the climate. Crete enjoys a Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The best time to visit the Katholiko Monastery is between May and September when the weather is most favourable. However, if you prefer cooler temperatures, the shoulder seasons of April and October are also good times to visit. Secondly, the journey to the monastery involves a hike of 2.0 miles (3.2 km) round trip. Therefore, wearing comfortable hiking shoes and carrying a water bottle is essential to stay hydrated. The trail can be steep in parts, so it’s advisable for visitors to pace themselves and take regular breaks if needed. As for food, there are no facilities at the monastery, so bringing snacks or packed lunch is recommended. Visitors should take rubbish with them to keep the area clean. The monastery is open to visitors. There is an entrance fee of €2.50 per person. Carrying some cash is advisable as card payments are not accepted. Lastly, it’s worth noting that the monastery is a place of historical and religious significance. Visitors are therefore asked to respect the site and keep noise minimal.
What is the hiking route to Katholiko Monastery?
The journey to Katholiko Monastery is a delightful adventure in itself. The trailhead begins at the Gouverneto Monastery, which is approximately a 25-minute drive from Chania Old Town. Visitors can reach the trailhead by renting a car, taking a taxi or a combination of bus and taxi. Once at the Gouverneto Monastery, the hike to Katholiko Monastery commences. The trail to Katholiko Monastery is an easy hike, spanning a round trip of 3.2 km (2.0 miles). The path initially meanders around the side of the mountain, offering sweeping views of the gorge leading to the coastline. The trail then descends 500 feet down to the monastery, passing by the Arkoudiotissa Cave, a historical relic of the Gouverneto Monastery. This cave temple is a noteworthy pit stop on the journey. As the trail descends into the gorge, a series of steps lead right to the monastery. Visitors will notice more caves on the right side, housing small Catholic altars. These caves are much deeper than they appear, extending up to 151m, but their depth is not easily discernible without a light source. The return journey retraces the same path back to the Gouverneto Monastery. This part of the hike can be a bit strenuous due to the uphill climb, but the breathtaking views are well worth the effort. The entire hike, including the exploration of the monastery, can be completed in approximately 1 to 1.5 hours for those in a hurry. However, for those with time to spare, the trail can be extended an extra 2 km (1.5 miles) to Katholiko Bay, making the whole trip about 3-4 hours.
Is hiking to Katholiko Monastery safe?
Yes, Katholiko Monastery is generally considered a very safe place to hike in Crete. The monastery has operated for centuries with very few incidents of crime or danger towards visitors. It is located on a small island with low crime rates and has security measures in place to protect the monastery complex and its guests. The monastery’s remote hillside location and use of security cameras, walls/gates and staff monitoring make it difficult for any threats or disturbances to occur within the grounds. Furthermore, the religious nature of the site attracts respectful, peace-seeking tourists rather than rowdy or dangerous crowds. The local authorities also keep a close watch to ensure the safety of this historic and culturally significant landmark.
What is the best season for visiting Katholiko Monastery?
The best season for visiting the Katholiko Monastery is generally considered to be spring or autumn. The spring months of April, May and June offer pleasant weather ideal for exploring the monastery complex and island. Daytime high temperatures average around 20-25°C (68-77°F) which is quite comfortable for walking around. Rainfall is low and tourist crowds are smaller than in summer. September through early November in the autumn is another good season choice with similar mild weather conditions, though temperatures start dropping by November. Summers can be hot and crowded, with temperatures reaching 35°C (95°F) or more. Winters are too cold and rainy, with average highs only reaching 13°C (55°F). So for the best combination of nice weather and fewer tourists, either spring or autumn would be the recommended seasons to visit Katholiko Monastery. The moderate temperatures fully allow visitors to enjoy the monastery’s architecture and seaside setting.
What are the most beautiful monasteries of Crete?
Crete, a Greek island, is known for its stunning monasteries. The most beautiful monasteries of Crete are Arkadi Monastery, Toplou Monastery and Monastery of Agia Triada Tzagarolon. Firstly, the Arkadi Monastery, near Rethymno, is a beacon of Cretan resistance against the Ottoman Empire. Its Venetian architecture and the poignant history of the Arkadi Tragedy during the Cretan Revolt in 1866 make it a significant historical site. Secondly, the Monastery of Toplou, situated in the northeastern part of Crete, dates back to the 15th century. Known as the Monastery of Panagia Akrotiriani, it is celebrated for its fortified structure, exquisite icons and the production of organic products, particularly wine and olive oil. Lastly, the Monastery of Agia Triada Tzagarolon, located on the Akrotiri peninsula near Chania, is one of Crete’s most important monastic complexes. This 17th-century monastery is renowned for its stunning architecture, a rich library and its production of high-quality wine and olive oil. These monasteries in Crete serve as windows into the religious and historical aspects of Crete while also offering an exploration of the region’s beautiful landscapes and local products.
What is the oldest monastery in Crete?
The Katholiko Monastery, known as “Saint John the Hermit” or simply “Katholiko”, is considered one of the oldest monasteries in Crete. The exact date of its establishment is unknown, but it is believed to have been founded during Byzantine times. The monastery is named after Saint John the Hermit, who lived an ascetic life in the area’s caves. The monastery is built within a cave and is a remarkable example of monastic architecture that harmoniously blends with the natural environment. The monastery’s main church is carved into the rock, following the natural contours of the cave. The monks’ cells, also hewn from the rock, are located around the monastery’s courtyard. The monastery got its name from the Greek word “Katholiko”, which means “Universal”, reflecting its significance in the region’s religious life. Another theory suggests that the name “Katholiko” might have been derived from the word “Katholou”, which means “in general”, as the monastery was open to all Christians. The monastery was abandoned in the 16th century and today, it stands as a significant historical and religious site, attracting visitors with its unique architecture and serene surroundings. Despite its abandonment, the Katholiko Monastery is still considered on of the best monasteries to visit in Crete.
What is the best way to get to Katholiko?
The best way to reach Katholiko Monastery is to start from the city of Chania. From there, one can take a bus or taxi to the Gouverneto Monastery, which is approximately 20 km (12.4 miles) east of Chania. The journey offers a scenic drive through the mountainous area of Arkoudovounia, near the northern shores of Cape Akrotiri. Upon reaching Gouverneto Monastery, one would then embark on a hike through the gorge of Avlaki. The hike is a relatively easy one, taking about 30 minutes. The path is stepped and carved, offering a unique hiking experience. Along the way, hikers will pass by the church of Saint Anthony and the Cave of Panagia Arkoudiotissa before finally reaching Katholiko Monastery. Those who wish to extend their adventure can continue walking towards the sea. This path leads to a beautiful small fjord with calm waters, where the ruins of the old harbour of the monastery can be seen. It’s worth noting that the monastery is located in a remote and somewhat inaccessible area, making it a unique destination for those seeking tranquillity and a connection with nature. The journey to Katholiko Monastery, whether by car, bus or on foot, is as much a part of the experience as the visit to the monastery itself.
What Type of Car Rental Should You Choose when Visiting Katholiko Monastery?
When one is planning a visit to Katholiko Monastery in Crete, the type of vehicle chosen for rent can greatly enhance the overall experience. Given the terrain and the nature of the roads in Crete, an SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) is a highly recommended choice. Car Rentals Crete is one of the available companies that offer a variety of vehicles, including cars and vans. There are four SUV options suitable for visiting Katholiko Monastery. First, there’s the Peugeot 2008. This compact SUV is known for its robustness and power. It offers a comfortable ride and is equipped with an automatic gearbox. The Peugeot 2008 petrol vehicle can comfortably accommodate up to five passengers, making it a suitable choice for small groups or families. Secondly, the Skoda Kamiq is another excellent option. This compact SUV is renowned for its spacious interior and advanced safety features. Like the Peugeot 2008, it also has an automatic gearbox and runs on petrol. It can seat up to five passengers, providing ample space for all occupants. Thirdly, the Jeep Renegade is a popular choice for those seeking a bit more adventure. It offers excellent off-road capabilities and a comfortable ride. This vehicle also has an automatic gearbox, runs on petrol and can seat up to five passengers. Its rugged design and powerful performance make it ideal for navigating the winding roads of Crete. Lastly, the Toyota Yaris Cross is a great choice for environmentally conscious people. This hybrid SUV offers a smooth and quiet ride, thanks to its hybrid engine. The Toyota Yaris Cross has an automatic gearbox and can accommodate up to five passengers. Its eco-friendly design and efficient performance make it a responsible choice for travel. While driving in Crete, it’s important to be mindful of the local traffic rules and regulations. Also, when choosing the right car to rent in Crete, ensure that one has a valid driving licence and the necessary insurance coverage.
Can you rent a car going to the Katholiko Monastery?
Yes, you can rent a car and visiting the Katholiko Monastery in Crete, Greece. Driving only gets you part of the way. Visitors must park their rental cars in the parking area at the foot of the walking path, then hike up the hillside on foot for around 15-20 minutes to reach the monastery entrance. The scenic hike is considered part of the experience but requires a moderate fitness level. There are some stairs and uneven terrain, so comfortable shoes are recommended. Using a rental car is certainly advised for getting around Crete and accessing the monastery. Public buses also run to the plateau but a rental car provides more flexibility for trip planning. Renting a car is helpful for reaching the area efficiently but visitors still need to park and hike the last stretch up to the Katholiko Monastery. The short uphill walk offers great views approaching this remote monastery.
Where Can I Rent a Car in Crete?
When visiting Crete, there are several options for renting a car to explore the island at one’s own pace. Major international car rental companies such as Hertz, Avis and Europcar have branches in Crete, offering a wide selection of vehicles and convenient pick-up and drop-off locations, including airports and city centres. One notable car rental company in Crete is Rental Center Crete. Rental Center Crete offers a wide range of vehicles to suit various needs and preferences. They have multiple rental locations across the island, including airports, popular tourist areas and city centres, making it convenient for travellers to pick up and drop off their rental cars. Rental Center Crete has been serving visitors to the island for many years, offering a diverse fleet of well-maintained vehicles ranging from compact cars to luxury SUVs. They have multiple rental locations in popular tourist destinations like Heraklion, Chania, Rethymno and Agios Nikolaos, ensuring easy access for travellers. Their fleet includes a variety of car types, from economy cars for budget-conscious travellers to spacious SUVs for larger groups or families. Rental Center Crete is known for its reliable service, well-maintained vehicles and competitive prices. They even provide additional services such as optional insurance coverage, flexible rental durations and 24/7 customer support.
What is the contribution of Katholiko Monastery to Crete Tourism?
The Katholiko Monastery, with its rich history and unique location, contributes significantly to the tourism industry in Crete. As one of the island’s oldest and most significant monastic complexes, it attracts many tourists each year. These visitors contribute to the local economy through entrance fees to the monastery and spending on local services such as accommodation, food and transportation. The monastery’s unique location, nestled in the Avlaki Gorge and close to the sea, makes it a popular destination for hiking and nature enthusiasts. The trek to the monastery, through the gorge and past the Cave of Saint John the Hermit, is a highlight for many visitors to Crete.
What are the nearest attractions to Katholiko Monastery?
Listed below are the nearest attractions to Katholiko Monastery.
- Gouverneto Monastery: Gouverneto Monastery is one of the oldest monasteries in Crete, dating back to the 16th century. It is known for its impressive Venetian architecture, with a square fortress-like layout and a beautiful courtyard in the centre. The monastery houses a church dedicated to the Virgin Mary and a museum with a collection of post-Byzantine icons. The distance from Katholiko Monastery to Gouverneto Monastery is 1km (0.62 miles), making it an easy addition to the itinerary.
- Avlaki Gorge: Avlaki Gorge is a stunning natural attraction in Crete, known for its rich biodiversity and breathtaking landscapes. The gorge is a popular hiking destination, with a trail that leads to the sea. Along the way, visitors can see a variety of plant and animal species, as well as impressive rock formations. The distance from Katholiko Monastery to Avlaki Gorge is only 100 metres.
- Stavros Beach: Stavros Beach is a beautiful sandy beach 8.8 km (4.97 miles) from Katholiko Monastery. It is famous for its clear blue waters and its role in the film “Zorba the Greek”. The beach is well-organised, with sunbeds, umbrellas and several taverns and cafes nearby.
- Marathi Beach: Marathi Beach is a beautiful beach in Crete and is known for its crystal-clear waters and fine sand. The beach is well-organised and offers a variety of water sports. There are also several taverns and cafes nearby, where visitors can enjoy local cuisine. The distance from Katholiko Monastery to Marathi Beach is 15 km (9.32 miles)
- Agia Triada Monastery: Agia Triada Monastery is a 17th-century monastery located near Chania and 4.4 km (2.73 miles) from Katholiko Monastery. It is known for its impressive architecture and its large library, which houses a collection of ancient manuscripts. The monastery also produces its own wine and olive oil, which visitors can purchase.
- Arkoudospilios (The Bear Cave): This fascinating cave is next to the Katholiko Monastery. It is named after a stalagmite that resembles a bear. According to local legend, the bear was turned to stone by the Virgin Mary. The cave also houses a small chapel dedicated to Saint John the Hermit.
- Chania Town: Chania Town is the second largest city in Crete, known for its beautiful Venetian harbour and its charming old town. Visitors can explore the narrow streets, visit the local shops and cafes and enjoy the stunning sea views. The distance from Katholiko Monastery to Chania Town is 20 km (12.43 miles)
Is Katholiko Monastery an landmark site?
Yes, the Katholiko Monastery is a landmark site. It has been considered an important site since 1961 when the monastery was officially abandoned. The monastery dates back to the late 16th century when it was founded, though evidence shows it was built within the ruins of an even older Byzantine monastery. After over 400 years of use, it was deserted in 1961 and the monks moved to Chania. Since then, the abandoned monastery has been regarded as an important landmark site in Crete due to its long history, cave setting, mediaeval architecture and historic artefacts and frescoes that provide insight into Orthodoxy and monastic life centuries ago. As an uninhabited site with traces of human activity over many periods, from Byzantine to Venetian and Ottoman periods, the Katholiko Monastery qualifies as a valuable landmark that can be explored and studied today.
What do visitors say about Katholiko Monastery?
Katholiko Monastery receives glowing reviews from visitors who make the scenic but challenging hike down to see it. The centuries-old monastery is described as breathtaking, magical, and looking straight out of Lord of the Rings. Despite being abandoned and in ruins, it remains an impressive site with its ancient church, dilapidated cells, and sturdy old bridge. The surrounding gorge is considered beautiful and almost otherworldly. Many advise getting an early start to avoid the hot sun on the hike and to have the mystical ruins all to yourself. The hike itself draws rave reviews as an incredible experience, passing caves to explore and rewarding travelers with stunning sea views at the end. The hike has many steep steps but is mostly manageable for fit hikers with proper footwear. While the monastery itself is captivating, many say the real highlight is continuing on the trail down to the peaceful azure waters of Katholiko Beach for a refreshing swim after the long hike. Overall, visitors find the challenging hike and ancient ruins to be well worth the effort for a unique and breathtaking experience exploring this mystical corner of Crete’s natural and cultural beauty.
Last updated on October 22nd, 2024
