Koules Fortress: History, Location, Purpose and How to Get There?

The Koules Fortress or Castello a Mare (“Fort on the Sea” in Italian), is a defensive structure located at the entry point to Heraklion’s historic harbour in Crete, Greece. The Republic of Venice constructed it in the early years of the 16th century and it is still standing now. The major objective was to defend the city of Heraklion, Crete and its citizens from pirate and other conqueror attacks.

Arabs protected the site in the 9th and 10th centuries, with a Byzantine tower named “Castellum Comunis.” The “koules” were damaged when they were demolished by an earthquake in 1303. The Venetian Senate strengthened Candia’s defences in 1462, but the Koules Fortress was destroyed in 1523. Old ship stone was used as a breakwater when the Castello a Mare was built. It had 25 large guns on the roof and 18 cannons on the ground floor when it was finished in 1540.

The Ottomans conquered Candia in 1669 after the Venetians gave in, maintaining the fort with modest modifications. “Little Koules” was constructed on the landward side, but it was dismantled in 1936. The stronghold has become accessible to the public and functions as a venue for cultural events.

Tourists book ferries to Heraklion from Santorini, Athens and other islands in  Greece. Visitors rent a car, take a bus or ride a taxi once they are in Heraklion.

What is Koules Fortress?

The Koules Fortress is known by many names. Koules Fortress is sometimes called the “Venetian Fortress”, “Rocca al Mare”, ”Castello del Molo” or just “Koules”. Koules Fortress is a walled stronghold that guards the entrance to the ancient harbour of Heraklion on the Greek island of Crete. The harbour at Heraklion, Crete, is surrounded by an outstanding fortress. There are two distinct sections that make up the fortress, such as a tall rectangular part and a smaller semi-elliptical segment. Koules Fortress has three entrances and walls that are 8.7 metres thick in certain areas. It has 26 rooms on all two floors, which were used as barracks, a prison, storage areas, a water reservoir, a church, a mill and a bakery. The fort’s northern section has a lighthouse tower.

The fortress had three entrances, west, north and southwest. The main gate is to the west. The exterior walls were decorated with numerous writings, plaques and coats of arms carved in marble. The three marble reliefs over each door that show the winged lion of St. Mark are the best. It is a symbol of the Most Serene Republic of Venice. Two of the reliefs have survived, both of which have been damaged by repeated exposure to sea air.

The Koules Fortress’ architecture is in the traditional Venetian style. The Castle was built in such a way that its walls were able to protect the harbour’s breakwater. Stones make up the Castle. A wide fanlight and a vaulted roof are found on the ground floor. The walls were exceptionally thick and had 26 apartments that were used as the residence of Kastelanos, the official in charge of the castle’s well-being and the residences of captains and other officials.

The storage was located on the ground floor. The image of Saint Mark’s Lion was carved three times in the castle. The Ottomans added the upper floor and the structure for a tower during the initial construction. The Koules Fortress has undergone numerous extractions and restorations. It features an emblem of the town and welcomes thousands of visitors each year.

The “Koules Fortress” is a well-liked tourist destination that welcomes guests to tour its interior and learn about its fascinating history. Visitors find educational exhibits inside the fortress, climb to the top of its walls for sweeping views of the harbour and the city and even see the eerie dungeons where captives were previously imprisoned. The fortress serves as a reminder of Heraklion’s past and of the strategic and architectural importance it had at various points in its history.

What was the Purpose of Koules Fortress Long Time Ago?

The fortification was built as a bastion to protect the harbour and the city of “Heraklion” from prospective attacks by pirates, Ottoman armies and other opponents by the Republic of Venice, which governed Crete at the time. It served as a vantage point for keeping an eye on and managing maritime activity in the area because it was strategically placed at the entrance to the Venetian harbour. Koules Fortress was a strong defensive tower with massive walls, bastions and cannons.

Koules Fortress served as a military stronghold where the Venetians kept troops and supplies needed for Heraklion’s defence. Part of the structure of the walls constructed along the island’s coast and the fortress was important to the Venetian defence system in Crete. The Ottomans finally conquered the island in the middle of the 17th century, after many centuries of Crete’s rule changing hands several times. The “fortress” was kept up by the Ottomans, who made necessary adjustments and improved its defences.

What is the History Behind Koules Fortress?

The Arabs originally fortified the site in the ninth or tenth centuries. The tower called “Castellum Comunis” was present there during the second Byzantium era. The tower was damaged when it was demolished by an earthquake in 1303. A plan to strengthen Candia’s defences was authorised by the Venetian Senate in 1462. The Byzantine tower was dismantled in 1523 and construction on the Castello a Mare commenced in its place. Old vessels were packed with rocks and sunk to build a barrier and extend the area of the platform on which the castle was constructed. The Fortress was finished in 1540.

The fort was armed in 1630 with 25 cannons on the roof’s access road and 18 cannons on the ground floor. The fort’s weaponry was quickly neutralised by Ottoman cannons during the 21-year-long Siege of Candia. The Ottomans finally captured the fort in 1669 after the Venetians handed over the entire city. The Ottomans did not make any major changes to the fort except for the building of minor battlements and embrasures. The Ottoman Empire took possession of the citadel and Crete in the middle of the 17th century. The stronghold got further construction and was modified to suit Ottoman demands during their tenure.

Koules Fortress served as a fortress for the Ottomans while they continued to control the area. They built a small fort known as Little Koules on the landward side, though it was dismantled in 1936 as part of the city’s “modernization.” The fortification has been repaired and is now accessible to tourists. There are periodic cultural events and art exhibits at the fort. Koules Fortress has been the scene of numerous historical wars, sieges and occupations over the years. It suffered phases of disrepair and renovation while continuing to be a notable landmark in Heraklion.

When was Koules Fortress Have Been Open for Tourists?

There is no exact date that Koules Fortress has been open to tourists. Koules Fortress is a popular tourist destination and it was formally opened to the public as a historical landmark and tourist attraction in the late 1980s after undergoing repair and preservation work. Tourists had the opportunity to tour the fort, stroll along its high walls and take in the expansive views of the harbour and the city of Heraklion. The “fortress’” interior is home to a number of exhibitions and displays, including artefacts, weapons and historical data, that offer insights into the fortress’s past.

The Koules Fortress’ dungeons are open to visitors and originally served as prisons. The dungeons serve as a frightening reminder of the stronghold’s past and give visitors a glimpse into the harsh living circumstances that inmates faced while it was a working fortification. The citadel is a prominent cultural and historical monument on the island of Crete and has come to represent “Heraklion City” in an instantly recognisable way. They immerse themselves in the history and architectural splendour of the remarkable stronghold due to the continued influx of visitors each year.

Where is Koules Fortress Located?

Below is an image of the map of Koules Fortress.

The Fortress is located at the entrance of the old harbour of “Heraklion, Crete,” Greece. The Koules Fortress stands as the gate to the harbour. Heraklion is the capital of Crete, the fourth biggest city in Greece. The Koules Fortress has a port area of 3,600 m2 (39,000 sq ft) with coordinates 35°20′40.7″N 25°8′12.66″E. The Republic of Venice constructed Koules Fortress at the beginning of the 16th century and it is currently standing today. It must be recognisable from a distance near the city and the waterfront of Heraklion.

How Can I Get to Koules Fortress?

Listed below are ways to get to Koules Fortress.

1. Reserve ferries. Travellers outside the city of Heraklion get a reservation to take a ferry from Santorini, Athens and other Greek islands.
2. Rent a car. Travelling to Koules Fortress by automobile, whether they own one or rent it. There are parking lots close by, but be aware that space is limited, particularly during peak hours. It is wise to research available parking ahead of time.
3. Ride a bus. The public bus network in Heraklion is well-connected. Check the local bus routes and schedules to find a bus that stops near Koules Fortress. Look for buses that go by the city’s centre or the region around the Venetian harbour.
4. Take a cab. Visitors have the option to rent a taxi in Heraklion to take them straight to Koules Fortress. Taxis are widely available there. Taxis are accessible at designated taxi stands or called down on the street.

What Can You See Outside the Fortress?

The outside of Koules Fortress is seen as a large and square-shaped building that was built in the 16th century to guard the city. Koules Fortress was mounted with cannons. The pebbles used for the fort’s construction originated from the old Minoan harbour, the little island of Da and the bay of Fraki. The Fortress was a sturdy two-storey structure with solid walls that covered an area of around 3.600 square metres. The panorama of the sea and the city of Heraklion is easily enjoyed from the rooftop. The numerous “sospirali lucernai” openings on the fort’s roof were intended to provide light and ventilation for the chambers of the castle.

The western pier’s border holds the gate entrance to the fort. The gate was well guarded. A slope that descends sharply leads to three sturdy wooden doors. They were on the vaulted roof and connected to the inner fort. Koules Fortress provides a stunning harbour experience with its sparkling blue seas and swirling boats. There are businesses selling handmade goods and handmade products in conventional Cretan taverns. There are cafes, restaurants and shops in the harbour area, which makes it a relaxing and convenient place to shop.

The nearest tourist attractions are outside the Koules Fortress. Most visitors go there after they tour the fort. Heraklion Archaeological Museum and Morosini Fountain are some of the cultural heritage sites on the island.

What Can You See Inside the Fortress?

There are a lot of interesting artefacts and interior architecture inside the Koules Fortress. The Koules Fortress was essential throughout the siege by using its 43 cannons to defend the port’s entrance. The cannons were moved up and down using the pathways. There were 18 cannons on the ground floor and another 25 cannons running up an enclosed stairway to the roof. The cannons of La Thérèse or the flagship sent by Louis XIV to support the Venetians during the Ottoman siege of Candia, are among the most remarkable exhibits in Koules. Cousteau discovered the wreck of the La Thérèse in 1976 on the seafloor between Heraklion and the Island of Dia.

The ancient and luxurious design of the Koules Fortress provides a fascinating historical environment. Visitors examine educational exhibits, historical relics and military memorabilia. The dungeons of the fortress have an eerie ambiance and provide insight into the lives of its occupants and the military importance of the fortress. The dungeons were originally used as prisons. A number of educational exhibits and displays offer details on the fortress’s past as visitors explore the interior. The display of artefacts from several historical eras provides a window into the lives of those who lived in the fortress. Visitors come across equipment, weaponry and other items that highlight the fortress’s military importance and its function as the city’s defence.

The dungeons of Koules Fortress are a notable location to explore. Visitors descend into the poorly lit dungeons where they see the small cells and imagine the difficult living circumstances that inmates formerly endured. It serves as a sad reminder of the fort’s seedier history. Visitors are allowed to climb to the top of the fortress’s walls while visiting for stunning panoramic views of the surroundings. Visitors take in the expansive views of the Venetian harbour, the city of Heraklion and the Mediterranean Sea.

How is the Capacity of Tourists in Koules Fortress?

There is no set maximum number of tourists that are permitted to visit Koules Fortress. The fortress is a well-liked tourist destination in Heraklion. It was made to hold a sizable number of guests at once. It offers enough room for tourists to stroll along its walls, explore its interior and stop by the many displays and vistas. There are more people during busy times or peak tourist seasons, which leads to greater crowds inside the stronghold. Planning a trip in accordance with the season and the anticipated number of visitors is always a good idea. Consider going at off-peak times, such as early in the morning or on a weekday, to assure a nice experience and to avoid crowds.

How Much is the Tour for Koules Fortress?

There is no exact price for a  tour around Koules Fortress. Koules Fortress has an entrance fee of 4 € (£3.46, $4.24), with a reduced rate of 2 € (£1.73, $2.12) and it takes 2 hours to tour around the fort. The actual cost of the Koules Fortress tour depends on several factors. The tour costs include the particular tour operator, pick-up location, additional services or attractions to visit and whether visitors are coming as part of a larger package or a combined ticket for numerous locations. Most visitors include other site attractions when they book a tour.

What Time Does the Koules Fortress Open?

The Koules Fortress is currently not open to the public due to the safety of the building. The fortress used to operate every day except Monday, from 8:30 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. on April 1st to October 31st and from 8:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. during the winter season. It is better to visit the fort earlier in the day or later in the afternoon to avoid potential crowds. Near the port and the city centre is Koules Fortress. The fortress frequently provides a calmer atmosphere and better photographic chances. There is no update on when the fortress will be open to visitors again.

When is the Best Time to Visit Koules Fortress?

The ideal time to visit the Koules Fortress in Heraklion, Crete, is during the summer (June-August). The summer in Crete is warm to hot, with temperatures averaging 20 to 30 degrees Celsius.

Koules Fortress has more visitors because of the busiest months of the year for tourists. Going early in the day or late in the day is preferable. Visiting the fortress varies depending on the weather. The climate in Crete is typically Mediterranean, with warm, dry summers and mild winters.

Seeing whether Koules Fortress or Heraklion are hosting any special events, festivals or exhibitions during their intended stay. Check the official website or contact local tourism officials for the most up-to-date information before organising a visit to Koules Fortress. Participating in such events improves their experience and provides a distinctive viewpoint on the citadel and local way of life.

Where Can You Eat Near Koules Fortress?

Here are some lists of places to eat near the Koules Fortress. Firstly, the waterfront restaurants with stunning views of the Venetian harbour are found along the promenade close to the citadel. Visitors have a selection of Greek, Mediterranean and other cuisines offered at the places to eat. They offer a wonderful opportunity to eat while taking in the view of the fort and the sea.

Secondly, a short distance from Koules Fortress is Lion Square (Eleftheriou Venizelou Square). It is home to a large number of cafes and pubs. Visitors find a variety of traditional Cretan food alternatives and international selections in the bustling area, which has a lively ambiance.

Thirdly, visitors find hidden gems like neighbourhood taverns and cafes by exploring the streets of Heraklion’s Old Town, which is close to the citadel. The places frequently serve traditional Cretan fare like meze, grilled meats and regional specialties. Lastly, Heraklion Central Market is commonly referred to as the Municipal Market or Agora. Food vendors and small cafés offer snacks, locally sourced goods and fresh fruit. It’s a great spot to savour regional cuisine and take in the lively market atmosphere.

Most visitors take time to explore the area and ask locals or employees at visitor centres for ideas. They advise visitors on popular dining establishments and direct them to eateries that fit their interests and price range. There are many Heraklion restaurants that accommodate diverse tastes and preferences close to the Koules Fortress.

Where to Park Your Car when Visiting Koules Fortress?

There are numerous parking choices for visitors to Koules Fortress in Heraklion, such as the Heraklion Harbour parking, the colour markings, free parking and a 24/7 parking place. Firstly, parking at the Heraklion Harbour. There are designated parking lots close to the Koules Fortress which is open from Monday – Sunday from 6:00 am to 9:00 p.m. The parking areas are close by and provide easy access to the fort. It’s crucial to remember that parking availability varies based on the day and season. Arrive early or look for alternative parking choices if those lots are full.

Secondly, colour marking parking in public areas. Visitors must be aware of the coloured markings on the parking spaces. Special vehicles are permitted to park there if the markings are yellow. Visitors are welcome to leave their vehicles in any parking space marked with white paint. Blue paint is metered parking. Thirdly, free parking near grocery stores. Parking lots near large supermarkets are the most dependable and secure free parking locations. The businesses allow visitors to leave their cars in their parking lots for a few hours. A majority of free parking lots close around 9:00 p.m.

Lastly, 24/7 parking spots provided by the municipality are scattered across the city and vehicles are watched over by local officials. It costs €4 per hour and 50 cents for every extra hour. Some parking spaces are accessible in the nearby area. Check parking restrictions and signs to ensure that parking is legal and avoid fines. Remember that there are time restrictions or parking fines when parking on the street, so be ready with change in case parking metres are needed.

The fortress is a short walk from the multi-level parking facilities, but they offer secure parking options. Look for parking facilities in the heart of the city or close to the Heraklion harbour. Always arrive early to get a parking space, especially during busy times or high tourist seasons. Consider taking public buses or taxis if parking in Heraklion is limited or visitors prefer not to drive in the city centre.

Does Koules Fortress Have a Large Number of Visitors Per Day?

Yes, Koules Fortress has a large number of visitors per day. There is no exact number of visitors per day, but it gets thousands of visitors every year. Koules Fortress is an established tourist destination in Heraklion that attracts an enormous number of tourists per day. It happens during the high tourist season. The actual number of visitors changes depending on elements such as the season, the day of the week and current travel patterns.

Is Koules Fortress Safe for Kids?

Yes, Koules Fortress is safe for kids. Children get to discover the history and take in beautiful architecture while having a unique and educational experience at the fortress. Children must not be allowed to run or climb in a dangerous manner by their parents. It is essential to prevent children from climbing or leaning on walls in the absence of adequate safety barriers. Koules Fortress’s dungeons are not appropriate for small children or others who feel uneasy in tight places because of their low lighting and tiny passageways. Parents must check their child’s degree of comfort and make decisions based on that.

Are there Near Beaches in Koules Fortress?

Yes, there are beaches near the Koules Fortress. One of them is Ammoudara Beach, the longest beach in the Heraklion region. It is a sandy beach with shallow seas, making it ideal for families. There are several services available at the beach, including restaurants, water sports facilities and beach bars.

The Bay of Karteros is another beach near Koules Fortress that lies 7 kilometres east of Heraklion and stretches 3.5 kilometres to the east. Karteros is situated at the mouth of the Karteros Gorge. The lengthy, sandy beach is less congested than some of the more popular beaches and has a more tranquil feel. It is a great place for swimming and relaxing and it includes a variety of beach amenities.

The other beach is Amnissos Beach, which offers a serene atmosphere and a few taverns where guests savour native food. Amnisos Beach is famous for its stunning surroundings and crystal-clear waves. The ancient Minoan city of Amnisos’ archaeological site lies nearby, giving the place historical value. Visitors stay in Heraklion hotels on the beaches.

Last updated on October 25th, 2024